Establishment and Evolution of Sikh Shrines in Early 20th Century Canada

Abstract

The study analyses the formation and historical significance of Sikh shrines (Gurudwaras) in early 20th-century Canada, situated within the broader context of early Punjabi migration. It contends that Gurudwaras were not solely religious establishments but served as key socio-cultural, political, and economic centres for the entire Indian community, extending beyond just Punjabi immigrants. The study employs archival data, newspaper articles, and secondary historical texts to delineate the origins and evolution of significant Gurudwaras in Vancouver, Abbotsford, Victoria, New Westminster, and Paldi. These institutions were crucial in safeguarding Sikh religious identity while concurrently promoting communal cohesion among other Indian migrants, including Hindus and Muslims. Moreover, the document emphasises the function of entities like the Khalsa Diwan Society in establishing a Sikh presence in North America.