Thematic Analysis of Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support Among Cancer Caregivers in India: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Informal caregiving for individuals with cancer places substantial psychological, emotional, social, and existential demands on family members. Although quantitative instruments measure caregiver burden, coping, and social support, they often fail to capture the subjective meaning-making processes through which caregivers interpret and respond to prolonged illness trajectories.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences, coping strategies  and perceived social support among caregivers of cancer patients using qualitative thematic analysis within a case series framework.

Methods: A qualitative case series design was employed involving ten caregivers of individuals diagnosed with various types of  cancers. Data was derived from ten  in-depth narrative case studies  incorporating validated measures of coping and perceived social support. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s six-step approach. Coding was iterative and reflexive, leading to the development of overarching themes.

Results: Six major themes emerged: (1) emotional burden and persistent psychological distress, (2) role overload and life disruption, (3) divergent coping orientations, (4) spirituality as a psychological anchor, (5) unequal distribution of perceived social support, and (6) meaning-making versus helplessness. Caregivers who engaged in problem-focused coping and reported higher levels of social support demonstrated better emotional regulation and resilience. Conversely, avoidant coping and perceived social isolation intensified distress and emotional exhaustion.

Conclusion: Cancer caregiving is a multidimensional and context-dependent experience shaped by coping orientation, perceived social support, cultural norms, and personal meaning-making processes. Qualitative insights reveal psychosocial dynamics that are not fully captured by quantitative scales alone. Tailored psychosocial interventions addressing coping style, social support, and spiritual resources are essential to support caregiver well-being.