Determinants of Employee Engagement among Employees of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Madurai District: An Empirical Study

Abstract

The present study examines the determinants of employee engagement among employees of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 175 respondents through a structured questionnaire using stratified sampling. The study examines six determinants: job characteristics, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, perceived organizational support, perceived supervisor support, procedural justice, and distributive justice. Percentage analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyse the data. The findings reveal that the selected determinants collectively explain 54.8% of the variation in employee engagement (R² = 0.548). Perceived supervisor support emerged as the strongest significant predictor, followed by procedural justice, organizational support, and intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. However, job characteristics and distributive justice did not demonstrate statistically significant effects. The study highlights the importance of supportive supervision, organizational fairness, and effective reward practices in strengthening employee engagement among MSME employees.